8 min
Why Irish-Domiciled ETFs Win: Withholding Tax and the US Estate Tax Trap
Fund domicile is a cost that never appears on a fee schedule. How the Ireland-US treaty halves dividend leakage, and the $60,000 estate tax exposure most European investors do not know they have.
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9 min
ETF Taxation in Portugal: Mais-Valias, the 365-Day Rule, and Life After NHR
How Portugal actually taxes ETFs: Categoria E versus G, the mandatory englobamento trap for top-bracket earners selling inside a year, and what replaced the NHR regime.
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